Phalaenopsis spp.
Elegant, long-lasting blooms on arching stems. Grown in bark or moss rather than soil, and watered very differently as a result.
Shriveled, flattened aerial roots mean the plant has gone too long without water; plump green or silvery roots are healthy. Yellowing leaves at the base of the plant are often just normal aging, but yellowing all over points to too much water sitting in the bark or moss.
Occasionally a small plantlet ("keiki") forms on the flower spike — once it has a few roots of its own, it can be cut away and potted separately in fresh bark mix.
Repot every 1-2 years once the bark or moss breaks down and stops draining well — orchids are grown in bark specifically for airflow around the roots, not soil.